Abstract:
Purpose – Commercial entities have recently expressed growing interest in commercialising indigenous
knowledge (IK) due to its enormous economic and intrinsic value. As this happens, custodial communities
must not be disadvantaged in the process. This paper aims to understand the legal framework of the
commercialisation of IK to identify the opportunities and factors impeding or affecting the commercialisation
of indigenous knowledge in Kenya.
Design/methodology/approach – The study used a qualitative research approach. An extensive
exploratory literature review of existing legal instruments was done to establish the progress and gaps for
commercialising indigenous knowledge in Kenya.
Findings – The study shows that the legal framework of IK in Kenya is inadequate. There are no wellestablished frameworks and policies to protect IK in Kenya, and thus, host communities are subjected to
exploitation. The diversity of tribes and communities makes it challenging to have a clear framework, mainly
because IK is a devolved function. The study identifies the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural
Expressions Act 2016, The National Museums and Heritage Act 2006 and the Natural Products Industry as
the key milestones towards commercialisation of IK, while inadequate documentation of IK, communal
ownership and inadequate legislation were identified as the main impediments to commercialisation of IK in
Kenya.
Research limitations/implications – Owing to the diverse cultures and tribal communities in Kenya,
the research could not access all the literature on all traditional IK in Kenya, and very few case studies have
been conducted in Kenya.
Practical implications – The gaps identified in the legal framework can form a basis for legislation,
policy change, actions and research needed to improve the commercialisation of IK.
Originality/value – The paper underscores the importance of balancing economic empowerment with
preserving cultural integrity and protecting indigenous rights in commercialisation
