Supporting Information Tunable Cytotoxicity of Rhodamine 6G via Anion Variation

Abstract

Reagents. Human serum and glutaraldehyde were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and used as received. Sodium tetraphenyl borate (99.5%), sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (98%), sodium L-ascorbate (98%), rhodamine 6G (95%), phosphate buffered saline, methylene chloride, anhydrous acetonitrile, ethanol (spectroscopic grade), crystal violet, digitonin, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 0.2 µm nylon membrane filters were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Lithium bis (perfluoroethylsulfonyl) imide was donated by Dr. Gary Baker (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN). Cell viability MTT (3-[4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and Mitochondrial ToxGlo TM Assay kits were purchased from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI). Cell death ELISA assay kit was purchased from Roche Applied Sciences (Indianapolis, IN). Triply deionized water (18.2 MΩ· cm) from an Elga model PURELAB ultra water filtration system (Lowell, MA) was used for all preparations of GUMBOS. A BRANSON 3510RDTH model bath ultrasonicator (335 W, 40 kHz frequency)(Branson Ultrasonics Corporation, Danbury, CT) was used at room temperature for preparation of nanoGUMBOS.