Development and validation of a mobile health communication framework for postnatal care in rural Kenya

Abstract

Background: A need exists for a theory-based framework that is useful to strengthen postnatal care. Though mHealth communication is proposed to support health care, there is no framework for postnatal care. This paper describes development and validation of an mHealth communication framework for postnatal care in rural Kenya. Methods: The framework was developed through a multi-methods research design, underpinned by the theory of change logic model. Prior to framework development, two separate studies, were carried out, in addition to a literature review. The framework was developed in two stages. In the first stage, theory of change logic model was used to integrate the results of the first two studies and the literature review, to develop a draft framework. In the second stage, stakeholders’ input was integrated into the draft framework, thereby validating the final mHealth communication framework. Results: An mHealth communication framework was developed articulating the elements needed for planning and designing an mHealth communication initiative in rural areas, to strengthen postnatal care. The elements consisted of the problem to be addressed, community needs, desired results, influential factors, strategies, and assumptions. Conclusion: By using the theory of change logic model, various elements were linked to demonstrate how an mHealth communication framework can work to strengthen postnatal care in rural Kenya. The framework incorporated the best available evidence, the community’s needs, and stakeholders’ input, therefore, the authors recommend implementing the framework to support the desired outcomes and contribute to lowering maternal and neonatal mortalities, especially in rural areas.