Peer Reviewed Articles
http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/45
2024-03-29T08:21:30ZDapagliflozin Pretreatment Prevents Cardiac Electrophysiological Changes in a Diet and Streptozotocin Induction of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats: A Potential New First-Line?
http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8476
Dapagliflozin Pretreatment Prevents Cardiac Electrophysiological Changes in a Diet and Streptozotocin Induction of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats: A Potential New First-Line?
Juttla, Prabhjot Kaur; Chege, Boniface Mwangi; Mwangi, Peter Waweru; Bukachi, Frederick
Purpose: Dapagliflozin exerts cardioprotective effects in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, whether these effects prevent
electrocardiographic changes associated with T2DM altogether remain unknown. Our aim was to investigate the prophylactic effect of
dapagliflozin pretreatment on the rat ECG using a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHf) diet and a low dose streptozotocin (STZ) model of
T2DM.
Methods: Twenty-five (25) rats were randomized into five (5) groups: normal control receiving a normal diet while the other groups
received an 8-week HFHf and 40mg/kg STZ on day 42, and either: saline for the diabetic control (1 mg/kg/d), low dose (1.0 mg/kg/d)
and high dose dapagliflozin (1.6 mg/kg/d), or metformin (250 mg/kg/d). Oral glucose tolerance (OGT), electrocardiograms (ECGs),
paracardial adipose mass, and left ventricular fibrosis were determined. Data were analyzed using GraphPad version 9.0.0.121, with
the level of significance at p < 0.05.
Results: Compared to the diabetic control group, a high dose of dapagliflozin preserved the OGT (p = 0.0001), QRS-duration (p = 0.0263),
QT-interval (p = 0.0399), and QTc intervals (p = 0.0463). Furthermore, the high dose dapagliflozin group had the lowest paracardial adipose
mass (p = 0.0104) and fibrotic area (p = 0.0001). In contrast, while metformin showed favorable effects on OGT (p = 0.0025), paracardial
adiposity (p = 0.0153) and ventricular fibrosis (p = 0.0291), it did not demonstrate significant antiarrhythmic effects.
Conclusion: Pretreatment with higher doses of Dapagliflozin exhibits prophylactic cardioprotective characteristics against diabetic
cardiomyopathy that include antifibrotic and antiarrhythmic qualities. This suggests that higher doses of dapagliflozin could be a more
effective initial therapeutic option in T2DM.
Keywords: electrocardiogram, diabetic cardiomyopathy, sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors, prophylaxis, animal model
2024-03-20T00:00:00ZDietary regimens appear to possess significant effects on the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated metabolic syndrome
http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8470
Dietary regimens appear to possess significant effects on the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated metabolic syndrome
Chege, Boniface Mwangi; Mwangi, Peter W.; Githinji, Charles G.; Bukachi, Frederick
Introduction
This study investigated the interactions between a low protein high calorie (LPHC) diet and
an integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral drug regimen (INI-CR)in light of evidence sug-
gesting that the initiation of cART in patients with poor nutritional status is a predictor of mor-
tality independent of immune status.
Methods
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and
normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks. Thereaf-
ter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment
sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamore-
lin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and
diets combined for 9 weeks. Weekly body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glu-
cose tolerance test (OGTT); lipid profiles, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides and adiposity
were assessed at week 24.
Results
At week 15, body weights increased between the diet group in phase 1(standard 146 ± 1.64
vs. 273.1 ± 1.56 g), (NPHC, 143.5 ± 2.40 vs. 390.2 ± 4.94 g) and (LPHC, 145.5 ± 2.28 g vs.
398.3 ± 4.89 g) (p< 0.0001). A similar increase was noted in the FBG and OGTT (p<
0.0001). In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver
weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in
both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001). Growth hormone levels were decreased in
Tesamorelin-free group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC (p< 0.0001).
Conclusions
The obesogenic activities of the LPHC diet exceeded that of the NPHC diet and interacted
with both integrase-containing and classical cART drug regimens to reproduce cART asso-
ciated metabolic dysregulation. The effects were however reversed by co-administration
with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
2024-02-01T00:00:00ZAWARENESS AND PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS A BIRTH CONTROL METHOD AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT KAPKATET SUB COUNTY HOSPITAL
http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8365
AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS A BIRTH CONTROL METHOD AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT KAPKATET SUB COUNTY HOSPITAL
Muitiriri, John
Breastfeeding is defined as the process of feeding the infant or the baby the mother’s milk through
the expressed breast milk, or direct nipple-baby mouth contact. Breast milk is usually categorized
into two types; colostrum, and mature milk. Alongside being beneficial to the infant, Breastfeeding
is useful to the mother as it is associated with increased uterine involution, fastening the healing
of the uterus post-delivery. Its ability to alter the hormonal balance, makes it appropriate and
acceptable globally for use as a contraceptive method. This is usually common as Lactational
Amenorrhea method of contraception. Six months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (breast milk
alone, no water, other drinks, or meals) is recommended by the World Health Organization
(WHO), followed by two years of complementary breastfeeding. This research aims to learn more
about how women of reproductive age visiting the prenatal clinic at Kapkatet Sub County Hospital
feel about exclusive breastfeeding as a means of pregnancy control. Both cross-sectional and
descriptive methods will be used in the research. Quantitative and qualitative information helpful
in addressing research questions must be gathered. Questionnaires and interviews will be
employed in data collection in this study, applying systematic sampling method. The data will then
be tallied, compiled, and presented in the form of tables, percentages, pie charts, and bar graphs.
In conclusion, the findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the perceptions and
experiences of women of reproductive age regarding exclusive breastfeeding as a contraceptive
method at Kapkatet Sub County Hospital.
2023-11-01T00:00:00ZAWARENESS AND PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS A BIRTH CONTROL METHOD AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT KAPKATET SUB COUNTY HOSPITAL
http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8306
AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AS A BIRTH CONTROL METHOD AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT KAPKATET SUB COUNTY HOSPITAL
Muitiriri, John
Breastfeeding is defined as the process of feeding the infant or the baby the mother’s milk through
the expressed breast milk, or direct nipple-baby mouth contact. Breast milk is usually categorized
into two types; colostrum, and mature milk. Alongside being beneficial to the infant, Breastfeeding
is useful to the mother as it is associated with increased uterine involution, fastening the healing
of the uterus post-delivery. Its ability to alter the hormonal balance, makes it appropriate and
acceptable globally for use as a contraceptive method. This is usually common as Lactational
Amenorrhea method of contraception. Six months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (breast milk
alone, no water, other drinks, or meals) is recommended by the World Health Organization
(WHO), followed by two years of complementary breastfeeding. This research aims to learn more
about how women of reproductive age visiting the prenatal clinic at Kapkatet Sub County Hospital
feel about exclusive breastfeeding as a means of pregnancy control. Both cross-sectional and
descriptive methods will be used in the research. Quantitative and qualitative information helpful
in addressing research questions must be gathered. Questionnaires and interviews will be
employed in data collection in this study, applying systematic sampling method. The data will then
be tallied, compiled, and presented in the form of tables, percentages, pie charts, and bar graphs.
In conclusion, the findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the perceptions and
experiences of women of reproductive age regarding exclusive breastfeeding as a contraceptive
method at Kapkatet Sub County Hospital.
2023-11-01T00:00:00Z