Games and Sportshttp://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/49112024-03-29T14:17:11Z2024-03-29T14:17:11ZWHAT EXACTLY ARE WE TEACHING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION- THE CASE OF THE SYLLABUS FOR THE LEARNERS WITH INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGES IN KENYAMunayi, Simon P.Gathoni, Bensonhttp://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/64982022-10-12T13:07:42Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZWHAT EXACTLY ARE WE TEACHING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION- THE CASE OF THE SYLLABUS FOR THE LEARNERS WITH INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGES IN KENYA
Munayi, Simon P.; Gathoni, Benson
2022-08-01T00:00:00ZRECREATION ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE THE GREATEST NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE ATTRIBUTES IN NATIONAL PARKS OF CENTRAL KENYAGathoni, BensonMunayi, Simon P.Chumba, Janethttp://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/64972022-09-07T11:32:03Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZRECREATION ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE THE GREATEST NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE ATTRIBUTES IN NATIONAL PARKS OF CENTRAL KENYA
Gathoni, Benson; Munayi, Simon P.; Chumba, Janet
Purpose: Recreation sites and parks are exposed to degradation unless stringent conservation
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measures are undertaken. Recreational activities undertaken by visitors such as; camping, hiking
and climbing, game driving, bird watching, bicycling, mountain biking, game viewing, and
picnicking among others put huge pressure on the parks resources. The aim of the study is to
determine the recreation activities that have the greatest negative environmental impact on
environmental resource attributes in national parks of central Kenya.
Methodology: The descriptive survey research design was used. The study was conducted in the
two designated national parks in Central Kenya region: Mt. Kenya and Aberdares. Stratified
random sampling was used to ensure that the KWS and KFS officers in managerial, tour guide,
maintenance, and security levels were represented.
Results: Two hundred and sixty three 263(79.9%) responded to the questionnaires by
completely filling and returning them. Descriptive statistics that included frequencies and
percentages were used to organize and summarize the data. Tables and bar charts were drawn to
present the collected data. Independent Sample T-test was conducted to compare the mean of the
visitors and staff on the perceived effect of recreation activities on environmental resource
attributes. It is only on soil where the two groups were found to be significantly different (
(visitors) =2.14, staff) =1.50, t=6.06, df =233, p<0.001).
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study therefore concluded that parks
environmental resource attributes are negatively affected by recreation activities in the national
parks in the Central Kenya region. Through monitoring of conditions, managers will be able to
more clearly identify when specific impacts have become so pronounced as to demand
management attention.
2022-08-01T00:00:00ZIMPACT OF RECREATION ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS ON VEGETATION, SOIL, WATER AND WILD GAME IN THE CENTRAL KENYA REGIONGathoni, BensonMunayi, Simon P.Wanjira, Janethttp://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/64962022-09-07T11:28:07Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZIMPACT OF RECREATION ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL PARKS ON VEGETATION, SOIL, WATER AND WILD GAME IN THE CENTRAL KENYA REGION
Gathoni, Benson; Munayi, Simon P.; Wanjira, Janet
Purpose: Outdoor recreationist are prone to selecting sites that have eye catching sceneries with
nice weather and spectacular landscapes. However, visitation in the natural parks can cause
substantial resource change in the national parks that can affect the parks’ functionality. The aim
of the study is to assess the impact of recreation activities in the national parks in the Central
Kenya region on vegetation, soil, water and wild game.
Methodology: The descriptive survey research design was used. The study was conducted in the
two designated national parks in Central Kenya region: Mt. Kenya and Aberdares. Stratified
random sampling was used to ensure that the KWS and KFS officers in managerial, tour guide,
maintenance, and security levels were represented. Out of the three hundred and twenty nine
(329) questionnaires administered, two hundred and sixty three 263(79.9%) responded to the
questionnaires by completely filling and returning them. Descriptive statistics that included
frequencies and percentages were used to organize and summarize the data. Tables and bar
charts were drawn to present the collected data.
Results: Independent T-test was conducted to compare the perception mean rating between the
visitors and staff on picnicking where visitors ( = 1.82, SD=0.69) and staff ( = 1.52,SD=0.69)
the two group are not significantly different However, there is significant difference on
Hiking/climbing/safari walk ( =2.53,SD=0.76) and staff( =2.37,SD=0.87). The visitors rated
Hiking/Climbing/Safari walk as the recreation activities that negatively affects environment
followed by Bicycling/Mountain, biking/Game drive. The rating of hiking/Climbing/Safari walks
both as recreation activity that was perceived to negatively affect environment and as the most
preferred recreation activity is attributed to the visitors’ perception that the more the use of a
particular activity the more the impact on the environment.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Since impact is inevitable wherever
recreation use is allowed, it is imperative to set specific objectives and standards that will place a
limit on impact. Then, through monitoring of conditions, managers will be able to more clearly
identify when specific impacts have become so pronounced as to demand management attention.
2022-08-01T00:00:00ZEFFECTIVENESS OF THE MANAGEMENT MEASURES UNDERTAKEN TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VEGETATION, SOIL, WATER AND WILD GAMEGathoni, BensonRintaugu, Elijah GitongaMunayi, Simon P.http://repository.dkut.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/64952022-09-07T11:22:00Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZEFFECTIVENESS OF THE MANAGEMENT MEASURES UNDERTAKEN TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VEGETATION, SOIL, WATER AND WILD GAME
Gathoni, Benson; Rintaugu, Elijah Gitonga; Munayi, Simon P.
Purpose: Hiking, climbing and walking have the potential to disturb wildlife and affect soil in a
number of ways including trampling, littering, changing animal habitat or degrading soil through
use of undesignated trail and trailside management. The aim of the study is to analyze the
effectiveness of the management measures undertaken to mitigate the impact of recreational
activities on vegetation, soil, water and wild game.
Methodology: The descriptive survey research design was used. Out of the three hundred and
twenty nine (329) questionnaires administered, two hundred and sixty three 263(79.9%)
responded to the questionnaires by completely filling and returning them. Descriptive statistics
that included frequencies and percentages were used to organize and summarize the data. Tables
and bar charts were drawn to present the collected data.
Findings: Proactive planning, change design of facilities and improved maintenance were the
most used methods of limiting recreation impact. This is attributed to the check in and checkout
procedures, hardening of recreation sites, use of already established trails, designed and
established water points. Managing tourism in a sustainable way requires both a long-term
perspective and careful consideration of ways in which tourist activities and environment
interrelate.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need for the ministry of tourism
to develop a systematic approach to address environmental conservation threat of recreation
activities and come up with management frame works of monitoring visitors’ impact in national
parks.
2022-08-01T00:00:00Z